Gathering lines are pipelines that are used to transport crude oil, water or natural gas from production site facilities to a central collection point for further processing or distribution. A gathering system is a network of these pipelines that collects product from sites and transports it to set delivery points.
Due to their dynamic flow conditions and frequent operational changes, gathering systems pose unique challenges for leak detection.
A major North American operator tackled these challenges by working with Atmos International (Atmos) to implement segmentation meters, improving the sensitivity, reliability, robustness and accuracy of its leak detection system while maintaining compliance with API RP 1130 standards. Find out how in this blog by Vice President Peter Han.
Tackling complexity in gathering systems
Gathering systems are typically characterized by:
- Multiple inlets and outlets (sometimes in the hundreds)
- Frequent additions of injection and delivery points
- Transient behavior - injection from numerous wells
- Typically found in shale formation areas eg the Bakken and Permian regions
- Geographic regions tend to be remote
The characteristics that make up gathering systems can create challenges for leak detection, with issues such as communication interruptions, inconsistent data quality and the risk of false alarms. A robust leak detection solution must handle these challenges effectively.
Introducing segmentation meters to improve sensitivity
Before segmentation was introduced, the operator had selected Atmos to implement its statistical corrected volume balance method for leak detection. This approach was chosen for its ability to handle loss of communications, transient conditions and data quality issues without compromising sensitivity. Initially, the leak detection system was built around a single large dynamic leak detection unit, which was simpler to implement during the early stages of the gathering system’s development.
To further improve the single dynamic leak detection unit, the operator installed segmentation meters, dividing the pipeline into four smaller leak detection units (see Figure 1).
This segmentation approach allowed the leak detection system to isolate transients more effectively, improve sensitivity and reduce false alarms.
Figure 1: Segmentation meters installed to divide the gathering system into four smaller leak detection units, improving sensitivity and reducing false alarms
Achieving better performance and regulatory compliance
After segmentation, the operator’s system detected leaks as small as 0.9% of reference flow (also known as nominal flow) compared to the initial 2.5%, with no increase in false alarms.
Detection times also improved, owing to reduced pipeline length and fewer transients within each leak detection unit.
Segmentation also improved the accuracy of leak location. By dividing the pipeline into four independently monitored leak detection units, the operator could isolate the location of a leak to a smaller section of pipeline with 100% confidence. This increased the speed of response and minimized the area needing investigation during an event.
These improvements enhanced the operator’s confidence in their leak detection program and ensured compliance with API RP 1130 standards.
Segmentation meters unlock pipeline leak detection potential
Segmenting a gathering system into smaller leak detection units can significantly improve leak detection performance, especially in dynamic operating environments.
By partnering with Atmos, this operator strengthened its leak detection program, reduced false alarms and increased reliability. It’s a clear example of how innovative technology and strategic implementation can address even the most complex pipeline challenges and have continuous improvement.
Discover how you can improve your leak detection performance